1.1 Introduction
1.2 Various Techniques for Removing Oxygen from Reactive Metals
1.2.1 Solid State Electrotransport
1.2.2 Deoxidation Using Metal/Metal Oxide Equilibrium
1.2.3 Calcium Halide Flux Deoxidation
1.2.4 Electrochemical Deoxidation
1.2.5 Deoxidation by Oxyhalide Formation
1.3 The Thermodynamics of Oxygen in Reactive Metals
1.3.1 The Principle of Measurement of Ultra-Low-Oxygen Potentials
1.3.2 Gibbs Energies of Solution of Oxygen in Reactive Metals
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